Head and neck deformities can occur for multiple reasons, including after accidents, infections, tumors, brain abnormalities, surgery or as a result of birth defects. There is no easy way to classify these abnormalities and each case is unique.

Reconstruction of a missing piece of bone in the skull is called cranioplasty. Cranial defects can occur after an accident, infection, or surgery. 

Craniosynostosis is a birth defect that occurs when one or more growth plates in the skull have fused abnormally. 

Endoscopic treatment for craniosynostosis is a newer technique that offers an excellent alternative to traditional open cranial vault remodeling. 

Open cranial vault remodeling is the gold standard technique for the treatment of craniosynostosis. 

Syndromic craniosynostosis describes a situation in which one or more growth plates in the skull have fused abnormally because of a genetic abnormality. 

Temporal hollowing describes flattening on the side of the skull, usually after injury or a previous cranial procedure.